The metal is generating billions, but mining communities say basic services have failed to keep pace.
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Bread is getting scarcer and dearer across Sudan, aid agencies are being cut back, and more than 30 governments have just warned that famine could return within months. Sudan's own foreign ministry has called the food situation reassuring.
The deaths of artisanal gold miners in detention last month triggered protests in Nigeria.
As African leaders gather in Moscow, Russia is securing resources and protecting rulers at the expense of their people.
